药用植物染料的特征和功能实现(Ⅱ):染色效果及抗菌性能

介绍了常用天然植物药的染色效果和实现条件，及其药用植物染料的上染特征，染色牢度的特点和提高染色效果的方法，并概述了织物经药用植物染料染色后的抗微生物活性和抗紫外线功能。     

Protein constituents of the eggshell: eggshell-specific matrix proteins

In this article, we review the results of recent proteomic and genomic analyses of eggshell matrix proteins and draw attention to the impact of these data on current understanding of eggshell formation and function. Eggshell-specific matrix proteins from avian (ovocleidins and ovocalyxins) and non-avian (paleovaterin) shells are discussed. Two possible roles for eggshell-specific matrix proteins have been proposed; both reflect the protective function of the eggshell in avian reproduction: regulation of eggshell mineralization and antimicrobial defense. An emerging concept is the dual role (mineralization/antimicrobial protection) that certain eggshell matrix proteins can play.     

Presence of hepcidin-25 in biological fluids: Bile,ascitic and pleural fluids

AIM: To examine body fluids such as ascitic fluid (AF),saliva,bile and pleural effusions for the presence of hepcidin using a novel radioimmunoassay (RIA).METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 25 healthy volunteers (mean age: 36 ± 11.9 years,11 males,14 females).In addition bile was obtained from 12 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (mean age: 66.9 ± 16.7 years,M:F = 5:7).Saliva was collected from 17 healthy volunteers (mean age: 35 ± 9.9 years,M:F = 8:9).Pleural and AF...     

五种中草药提取液对细菌作用效果初探

选取银杏、厚朴、野菊花、苦参、石菖蒲五种中草药,利用95%酒精提取其活性成分,进行抑菌、杀菌活性测定.结果表明,在供试质量浓度0.05g/mL时,此五种中草药对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均在86%以上;在供试质量浓度0.01g/mL时,作用时间为5min,五种中草药对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率均在94.5%以上,杀菌效果显著.不同中草药对同一细菌的抑制作用有一定差异,同一中草药对不同细菌的抑制作用亦存在着较大差异.中草药的杀菌率随着浓度增大、着用时间延长,杀菌率随之增大.但五种中草药对枯草杆菌均无杀菌效果,其原因有待进一步探讨.     

夏枯草提取物的抑菌性能研究

研究夏枯草提取物的抑菌性能．采用溶剂回流法提取夏枯草的有效抑菌成分,纸片扩散法对不同溶剂夏枯草提取物进行抑菌实验,稀释法进行最小抑菌浓度实验．结果显示,不同溶剂提取物对供试菌种的抑菌效果为乙酸乙酯〉正丁醇〉无水乙醇〉水．乙酸乙酯提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌最小抑菌浓度2．5mg／mL,对大肠杆菌、根霉的最小抑菌浓度5．0me,／mL,对曲霉最小抑菌浓度10．0mg／mL,夏枯草提取物对青霉抑菌效果不明显．     

香菇的应用价值及前景展望

香菇是世界第二大食用菌,也是我国特产之一,在民间素有"山珍"之称。它是一种生长在木材上的真菌。味道鲜美,香气沁人,营养丰富,素有"植物皇后"美誉。本文介绍了香菇的形态特征及生长环境,并对其在食用和药用价值方面作了综述的介绍,包括多糖、蛋白等作用。展望了香菇在应用方面的研究前景。     

Recent development of peptide self-assembly

Amino acids are the building blocks to build peptides and proteins. Recent development in peptide synthesis has however enabled us to mimic this natural process by preparing various long and short peptides possessing different conformations and biological functions. The self-assembly of short designed peptides into molecular nanostructures is becoming a growing interest in nanobiotechnology. Self-assembled peptides exhibit several attractive features for applications in tissue regeneration, drug delivery, biological surface engineering as well as in food science, cosmetic industry and antibiotics. The aim of this review is to introduce the readers to a number of representative studies on peptide self-assembly.     

杜仲内生真菌的分离鉴定及其抑菌活性研究

从药用植物杜仲中分离到41株内生真菌,综合运用形态特征和分子生物学技术,明确其分类地位,分别属于粗糙脉孢霉(Neurospora crassa)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、小菌核属(Sclerotium)、盾壳霉属(Coniothyrium)、离蠕孢属(Bipolaris)、白僵菌属(Beauveria)6个属,并进行抗植物病原真菌活性检测,结果表明48.8%的内生真菌对植物病原菌有生长抑制作用,除1株白僵菌属菌株外对G+、G-细菌均有明显的抑菌作用.     

Synthetic and biological studies on a cyclopolypeptide of plant origin

Objective： A natural cyclic peptide previously isolated from Citrus medica was synthesized by coupling of tetrapeptide units Boc-Leu-Pro-Trp-Leu-OMe and Boc-Ile-Ala-Ala-Gly-OMe after proper deprotection at carboxyl and amino terminals followed by cyclization of linear octapeptide segment. Methods： Solution phase technique was adopted for the synthesis of cyclooctapeptide-sarcodactylamide. Required tetrapeptide units were prepared by coupling of Boc-protected dipeptides viz. Boc-Leu-Pro-OH and Boc-Ile-Ala-OH with respective dipeptide methyl esters Trp-Leu-OMe and Ala-Gly-OMe. Cyclization of linear octapeptide unit was done by p-nitrophenyl ester method. The structure of synthesized cyclopolypeptide was elucidated by FTIR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, FABMS spectral data and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized peptide was evaluated for dif- ferent pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities. Results： Synthesis of sarcodactylamide was accomplished with 〉78% yield utilizing dicyclohexylcarbodiimide （DCC） as coupling agent. Newly synthesized peptide possessed potent cytotoxic activity against Dalton＇s lymphoma ascites （DLA） and Ehrlich＇s ascites carcinoma （EAC） cell lines, in addition to moderate anthelmintic activity against earthworms Megascoplex konkanensis, Pontoscotex corethruses and Eudrilus sp. Moreover, cyclopolypeptide displayed good antimicrobial activity against pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in comparison to standard drugs griseofulvin and ciprofloxacin. Conclusion： Solution phase technique employing DCC and triethylamine （TEA） as base proved to be effective for the synthesis of natural cyclooctapeptide. N-methyl morpholine （NMM） was found to be a better base for the cyclization of linear octapeptide unit in comparison to TEA and pyridine.     

Recombinant scorpine: a multifunctional antimicrobial peptide with activity against different pathogens

Scorpine is an antimicrobial peptide whose structure resembles a hybrid between a defensin and a cecropin. It exhibits antibacterial activity and inhibits the sporogonic development of parasites responsible for murine malaria. In this communication we report the production of scorpine in a heterelogous system, using a specific vector containing its cloned gene. The recombinantly expressed scorpine (RScp) in ^{Anopheles gambie} cells showed antibacterial activity against ^{Bacillus subtilis} and ^{Klebsiella pneumoniae}, at 5 and 10 μM, respectively. It also produced 98% mortality in sexual stages of ^{Plasmodium berghei} at 15 μM and 100% reduction in ^{Plasmodium falciparum} parasitemia at 5 μM. RScp also inhibited virus dengue-2 replication in C6/36 mosquito cells. In addition, we generated viable and fertile transgenic ^Drosophila that overexpresses and correctly secretes RScp into the insect hemolymph, suggesting that the generation of transgenic mosquitoes resistant to different pathogens may be viable. Received 6 May 2008; received after revision 24 July 2008; accepted 29 July 2008